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Author: KALP SYSTEM (530)50
Modified on 17/01/2009

Much talk in the day to day GPS navigators. We took in the car or pocket, some even on a clock and not even know it. But what these acronyms mean? Where do they come? I will try to tell you the clearest possible way the origin, meaning, operation and types of GPS navigators that we find today. WHAT IS THE GPS The Global Position System (GPS) or Global Positioning System (its correct name is NAVSTAR-GPS1) is a Global Navigation Satellite System that enables us in the place we’re in the world (is worldwide, unlike the Russian system GLONASS) to determine our position or that of an object to within a few meters, but could be improved. This technology has its origin and development in the military. Specifically, is currently responsible for the Department of Defense of the USA. In the next version, GPS III, will be a branch that is not dependent on the military field. HOW IT WORKS Although one might think the GPS device is placed in the car, the reality is that this element is only one part, namely one third of the entire system. What we have between the hands is only the receiver. For this element we need to be of some satellites, 27 in total, which orbit the Earth. These teams have a lifespan of about 8 years, after which generally are replaced with more modern ones. Power is receiving solar cells. The satellites circle the Earth and their orbits are calculated so that at any time and from anywhere on Earth have at least six satellites are visible by our receiver. That everything happens as planned in charge of monitoring stations that synchronize the atomic clocks of the satellites and alter the trajectory and orbit. These data will be crucial if our receiver then know where we stand. Receivers to calculate their position, they need the following information: ? The exact location in space of at least three satellites. ? The exact distance between himself and each of those satellites. ? The exact time at which the satellite transmitted the information received. Briefly, because the entire process is complex and does not interest us, each of the satellites constantly transmit their exact position, its unique identifier, information from the satellite’s orbit, and very importantly, the exact time of which was sent transmission. With these data, the receiver can calculate the time it took to travel information and using triangulation to calculate its 3D position. With more satellites is achieved slightly higher accuracy. Basic is that the clocks of all the parts are very precise and are perfectly synchronized. The ideal is to have an atomic clock at the receiver, but its price is infeasible, so you place a normal quartz clock adjusts its time with the satellites. Moreover, theirs will be adjusted also by ground stations. As for timing, it is considered that the signal travels at the speed of light and necessary adjustments are made by small variations due to the atmosphere. ACCURACY OF GPS The accuracy of GPS systems can vary depending on many factors: weather, number of visible satellites, natural or artificial barriers? In general, captured more than 7 satellites, GPS accuracy is about 2.5 meters for 95% of the time, albeit with DGPS (Differential GPS) is available within 1 meter. Until 2001, this had to be added to the random error introduced due to U.S. military technology. However, since then there is no such fact was called Selective Availability. As for the DGPS correction is applied in the receiver with data from ground stations, they always have well defined coordinates. When receiving data from satellites, the station calculates its exact position to increase accuracy, as we have said may even be + / – 1 meter. Browser types Currently, a consumer may find the following basic types of browsers: ? Handheld GPS. ? Mobile phone with integrated GPS or agenda. ? GPS integrated into vehicles. ? GPS receivers for use with other equipment such as phones. For the ultimate in personal pleasure that I recommend Garmin for my use and knowledge is one of the best and affordable for the market.

Some possibilities offered by this device, almost all do the same, although some differences explained below. And these fundamental differences are based on the presence or absence of altimeterThis makes them to give us very accurate data related to those that have height, and the presence or absence of electronic compass, Which makes those who have also stopped functioning, ie they are able to tell the direction or measuring distance or the cardinal point where we stand. Those who have no compass only work to pursue a course when we are walking. Not to say neither one nor the other do not give us the altitude at all times (but with less accuracy) and the cardinal points (but not stopped). Those are the biggest differences, of course, accuse the price and when walking more comfortable but not fundamental.

The GPS software have several screens. One, to tell us where we should go to pursue a course or to reach a specific place or to follow a path that we have made previously on the computer, as I will explain later. Another, with the compass, which, by means of an arrow also indicates the direction to follow, and the cardinal points and other data. Others give us interesting data, which can be quite varied. Depending on the GPS this data can be: speed we carry, we kilometers traveled, distance left to us to reach a particular point, the time it will take to arrive depending on the speed that we, as long as we are moving, the While we stand, the average moving speed or the total average speed height at a specified time, the cumulative rise in whole tour, accurate meters will have at all times the device (ie, the maximum error we can commit, even going by where we indicated, does not usually exceed 10 usually meters), height profiles and much more data and unhelpful. There is a display devoted solely to this type of data and another with the main menu to access where we want. Can there be any more appropriate. You can customize many details.

Author: KANATAONLINE
Modified on 16/11/2007

The Global Position System (GPS) or Global Positioning System (better known by the acronym GPS although its correct name is NAVSTAR-GPS1) is a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) which allows to determine everyone’s position an object, a person, vehicle or shed, with an accuracy up to centimeters using differential GPS; usually a few meters. Although his invention is attributed to French and Belgian governments, the system was developed and installed, and is currently operated by the Department of Defense of the United States. GPS works through a network of 27 satellites (24 operational and 3 back) in orbit over the globe at 20,200 km with trajectories synchronized to cover the entire surface of the Earth. When you want to determine the position, the device used to it automatically locates at least four satellites in the network, which receives signals indicating the position and watch each of them. Based on these signals, the device synchronizes the GPS clock and calculates the delay of the signals, ie the distance to the satellite. By “triangulating” calculates the position in which it is located. The triangulation in the case of GPS, unlike the 2-D case is to ascertain the angle with respect to known points, is based on determining the distance of each satellite relative to the measuring point. Knowing the distance, is easily determined one’s position relative to the three satellites. Knowing well the coordinates or position of each of them emitting the signal, we obtain the absolute position or actual coordinates of the measuring point. Also extreme accuracy is achieved in the GPS clock, similar to that of atomic clocks carried on board each satellite. The former Soviet Union had a similar system called GLONASS, now managed by the Russian Federation. Currently the European Union tries to launch its own satellite positioning system, called ‘Galileo’.
ome mobile phones can be linked to a GPS receiver designed for that purpose. They tend to be independent modules that communicate with the phone wirelessly via Bluetooth and to provide the positioning data, which are interpreted by a browser program. This application of GPS is particularly widespread in mobile phones operating on the Symbian operating system and PDA with Windows Mobile but Nokia released the N95 with integrated GPS module

What is GPS? To Serve a GPS? … Practical Guide to GPS

Author: BODECOR (6020)

Circulating in the area has about 20 satellites that are capable of giving us the position on the earth taking into account the rate of emission of waves between them and a GPS. The mathematical foundations are complicated and need not concern us too, it really is to know what can be done with a GPS, in what sense are useful to us.

There GPSs for cars and GPSs for hiking, sailing, etc.. Some Member States have included an accurate map of roads, such as cars, drive you to them once you have set a destination and there is no map, as the most elementary of hiking, which lead us to a point which we are adding (coordinates) or lead us on a tour true that we have introduced previously.

What concerns us here are hiking or GPS navigation, etc.. which are the same. They are small gadgets (like the palms and less) laptops, designed to bring the mountain. They run on batteries that come to last between 4 and 10 hours, though they say it last longer. There are two outstanding brands in the market for this type of GPSs, GARMIN and MAGELLAN.

Author: LUISMORELLO (22)

This is a question whose answer depends on each person’s needs and preferences, of course. This document is intended to answer this question broadly.

The first question is how you will use the GPS. For example, you can use it for backpacking type trip, in your car or a boat. If you’re using in your car, you can use alone or with a laptop (to use OziExplorer, for example).

What brand?

In Venezuela there is only good maps for Garmin GPS brand, so it only makes sense for Venezuela to buy Garmin GPS brand. Other brands, such as Magellan, are excellent units. But without maps, are of limited usefulness.

? I are offering a GPS used.?

Sometimes it’s the only way to get a device, but beware. Typically, someone says: I sold it for $ 300 and I will sell for $ 250?. It turns out that in that time has come one who makes it, do it better, and comes much cheaper and again.

What to buy?

For hiking:

GPSMap 60CSX: The color screen is much appreciated. With expandable memory.

GPSMAP 76CSx: Similar to the 60, but fleet. A disadvantage is that covers the screen when using the buttons, which is a lack of design.

To take in the car:

276C: This is the model harder and more powerful, and has large clear screen. The only drawback is that is too large to load too.

NUVI: They are multimedia units. But they have the great disadvantage of not recording tracks.

* GPS at work: Rescue workers, firefighters, archeologists, geologists, surveyors, ship captains, pilots, dispatchers, tour guides, and military personnel use GPS devices to perform their jobs.
* GPS at stake: Bring your GPS device for camping, mountain climbing, mountain biking, snowmobiling, skiing, hunting, boating, fishing, hiking, and flying so that you can find your way on land, at sea, or air.
* GPS on the road: Recycle all the maps from the glove box and put a GPS device in your car. A GPS device equipped with mapping software gives you instructions guiding you through the streets, which can prevent you from getting lost in a bustling city such as Buenos Aires. You can also select an optimum route between two points and help you make informed decisions about where to stop along a road.

Author: SYMBIANSIGNED56

The Garmin Mobile TX shows the way on the screen visible even in direct sunlight. Its user-friendly interface enables you to enjoy nature more and spend less time searching for information.

This program supports Geocaching GPX files for downloading geocaches and other data directly into the unit. No more manually entering coordinates or take notes on paper: Simply load the GPX file and start searching for caches. Furthermore, the role Whereigo? to create and enjoy a real environment of multimedia experiences based on GPS technology.

Thanks to high sensitivity GPS receiver your mobile compatible with WAAS and HotFix satellite prediction?, Garmin Mobile Tx acquires signal quickly and accurately, keeping the GPS location even in heavy cover or deep canyons. The advantage is clear: whether you are in wooded areas or just near tall buildings, you can count on your Garmin Mobile Tx to show you the way when you need it most.

Add mapping was never so easy: Simply enter a microSD card preinstalled with MapSource ? detailed street Tx and Garmin Mobile will offer turn by turn directions to your destination. Add topographic maps to maximize the benefits of 3D visualization of the mapping, giving you a better perspective on the environment where you are.

The Garmin Mobile Tx supports the addition of radar, waypoints and routes predefined by the user. You can search from your current position from the simplest restaurant furniture to garden through gas stations, hotels, supermarkets, shopping malls, cinemas, ski center and the most varied information.

Very easy installation, the Garmin Mobile Tx is installed in less than 20 minutes and you’ll enjoy great power in minutes. Himself admits any routable map company Navteq.

Routable maps are those where the gps automatically takes you from a defined starting point you to a point of arrival also defined by you. The program would respect the hands of the streets and turns. You have the option of the same work to go by car or walking, so you can configure it in the case of walking the mime does not hold the hands of the streets and tell the fastest way as pedestrians.

In this new era of cell phones, the garmin is compatible with a wide range of phones and ppc. Some of them are:

E-TEN glofiish M700
E-TEN glofiish X500
E-TEN glofiish X800
E-TEN InfoTouch G500
E-TEN InfoTouch G500 +
Fujitsu-Siemens Pocket LOOX T810
Fujitsu-Siemens Pocket LOOX T830
Gigabyte g-Smart i300
Gigabyte g-Smart i350
HP iPAQ 600/610/612/614
HP iPAQ 900/910/912/914
HP iPAQ hw6510
HP iPAQ hw6515
HP iPAQ hw6910 / hw6920 / hw6940
HP iPAQ hw6915 / hw6925 / hw6945 / HW6965
Motorola Q Global
Nokia N95 / N96 / N73 / N80 / N82
Nokia 6110 Navigator

HTC Advantage X7500
HTC Advantage X7501
HTC Omni
HTC P3300
HTC P3600
HTC P4550
HTC P5500
HTC P6550
HTC Polaris
HTC S420
HTC S640
HTC S730
HTC Tilt
HTC Touch Cruise
HTC TyTN II
HTC Vogue
HTC X9500

HTC DIAMOND

Author: ELPROGRESO
Modified on 14/08/2009

With a mobile phone with internet connection, even without the GPS (Global Positioning System), Google can locate roughly where you can find one through the antenna of the device.

In the blog announced the new feature named My LocationStill in test stage, which lets you put Google maps on the place which is a mobile, with about 1,000 meters of error.

According to New York Times, Google noted the locations of the antennas due to data sent by users of GPS phones that connect to the internet, allowing mapping of their positions.

This tool works with handsets equipped with Java systems, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile or Nokia / Symbian. However, according to a discussion forum, some users fail to make it operate.

Although this program is not as precise as GPS devices, allowing located at a meter margin of error, allows for indications such routes.

It will also help develop a new advertising system, an item in which Google has positioned itself as the world leader in Internet. Thus, when searching? Pizza? on the phone, all nearby pizzerias are marked on the map.

Because the data megabuscador yet to mature on the streets of Buenos Aires and other cities in Argentina, this service is not available

Author: FARADAGA
Modified on 20/06/2009

Before scrutinizing the parameters that define the browser, is essential to know what they are and how these devices work. Although popularly known as GPS, this is a wrong sense, since GPS is a positioning technology (Global Positioning System or Global Positioning System) which defines the position at each moment on Earth from a device capable of capturing the signals from different satellites that turn our planet. And these devices are GPS navigators, whose primary function is to determine the time lag in came the satellite signals, calculate its position and translate it into the maps shown to the user. From these basic functions, add additional ones that help make it easier to use and guide us to our destination with almost exact precision. Both features, comfort in use and precision are vital not only because it meant a savings of our time, but because they help keep the driver to interfere unless other drivers.

There are many factors to consider if you want to make a good addition, especially if one takes into account that GPS navigators evolve month by month and incorporate new features. Below are the most important aspects to consider before making a final decision on a particular model:

There are many factors to consider if you want to make a good addition, especially if one takes into account that GPS navigators evolve month by month and incorporate new features. Below are the most important aspects to consider before making a final decision on a particular model:

There are many factors to consider if you want to make a good addition, especially if one takes into account that GPS navigators evolve month by month and incorporate new features. Below are the most important aspects to consider before making a final decision on a particular model:

Anchoring: GPS must be properly anchored to the dashboard or car glass, so that you can not hold up and impede driving. There are factory anchors that do not offer much assurance, so just choosing to buy an additional one with the resulting extra expense. Other anchors are very strong, but are extremely difficult to mount and dismount. The most interesting thing would be to see at the store the anchor and found to be as solid as a single.
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Connectivity: it is essential that the browser has a mini USB port to connect both the cable going to the battery charger car to communicate with the computer at home. The batteries usually last between two and five hours in media models, so occasionally the browser will have to plug the cigarette lighter charger. Moreover, computer connectivity is essential to update the maps online or from optical discs.

Additionally it is interesting that the browser can have Bluetooth wireless connectivity to configure, for example, to operate the mobile phone hands free. Another port that can be included is a device connecting with RDS TMC, which provides traffic information in real time through an FM radio system.
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SD card slot: the map information and its update, you can enter in the browser using either a cable or SD memory cards. It is recommended that the device has read the card slot makes it much easier for web updates.
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Night mode: when night visibility is reduced, so that all browsers have the option to “night mode”, with which it illuminates the display and contrasting the colors of the map to become more visible. It is important to change the way the browser can do that automatically.
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The maps and update: browsers come factory loaded with base maps that contain information on the delineation of roads and streets of towns, but often lack details of attractions for the driver, as the pump. If these maps are not updated, this information is not obtained nor the browser will indicate the possible changes have been made on the route, either new roads, byways and streets.

While there are forums and communities that offer free updates, the most common way to obtain them is in the manufacturer’s website and paying. Therefore, more accurate and detailed the maps that bring the browser works better.

Author: CORDOBAMERCADO
Modified on 28/04/2009

Buy a product that has the backing of a brand specializing in the sector and strong market. A very wise decision to avoid, as far as possible the trouble of products of poor quality or defective (in the case of the big brands are reduced) and you can use ensuring faster and more effective possible.

Color touch screen high resolution. A benefit way to get around the various menus quickly and comfortable without pressing buttons. Moreover, this has to be ultra maps to see with total clarity, even in situations of intense light.

Intuitive interface for any user. For the use of a browser does not become an obstacle to overcome, the models from leading firms offer a very simple menus that are accessed through large icons and a few calculations quickly accessible route.

Current maps and to provide maximum coverage. A critical issue when purchasing a browser because it depends on the user should not perish, is to find certain streets or addresses of newly created or may move just inaugurarse.En highways Argentina has free maps to download the whole country and bordering countries, is very important that the equipment provider offering abundant and detailed mapping not only the country but from other countries.

Maps of the country or countries you plan to visit the driver. All users that travelers must purchase a product with pre-recorded maps of the countries that are planning to visit. We must also bear in mind that is not the same to buy a browser with maps pre Sudam?rica.Posteriormente Argentina that all this can be a pain Cavez when traveling since you need to upgrade or add more content so it will mean an extra expense no less.

Great base landmarks. Equally important is to have accurate maps and know where to hospitals, hotels, restaurants, gas stations, car parks? Of cities to be visited.

Route Planner. For commercial or distributors, there are browsers that incorporate a provision that can greatly facilitate your day to day: a route planner. This makes it possible to establish multiple routes in advance and record a host of destinations associated with them.

Notices speed radars (both fixed and mobile radars areas). An extra feature much in demand including the latest generation browsers and is highly recommended because it allows the driver to adjust speed limits imposed by the Traffic Department, thus avoiding accidents.

Bluetooth technology. For users who use mobile phone in the car, there are models that allow you to use a hands free through Bluetooth technology that are incorporated.

Anti-theft system. Some browsers include systems against burglars blocking device until the user enters a special key or take you to a place previously set.

Accessories. An essential complement is support. Many brands offer second-rate products that do not provide adequate benefits: poor fixation, which causes the device to fall repeatedly and uncomfortable vibrations when in motion –

TECHNOLOGY EQUIPMENT IN WAAS GARMIN GPS – GPS YOU LEARN MORE

Author: BODECOR
Modified on 20/01/2009

TECHNOLOGY WAAS
GARMIN

DESCRIPTION

Surely they have heard of WAAS, and its improvements in the field of navigation and location … But what is the technology WAAS. It is an improved tracking system that allows us to have a greater accuracy in determining a GPS position.

The current accuracy of GPS equipment, is approximately 15 meters, so always Cuena a significant position error. Now with the new devices WAAS-enabled GPS navigation, such precision in position, is reduced to within 3 meters.

? 100 m: original GPS system (with SA).

? 15 m: current GPS system (without SA).

? 3-5 m: System Differential GPS (DGPS).

? <3 meters: Typical WAAS Accuracy

ORIGIN:

The origins of WAAS technology, arose from the need for greater precision in the landing of aircraft. This technology is being developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Department of Transportation (DOT).

Because GPS technology, did not cover the needs of accuracy, WAAS technology is created, a correction on the GPS signal. This correction is necessary, because of atmospheric disturbances produced in the ionosphere, possible errors in the satellite orbit.

OPERATION:

WAAS consists of approximately 25 points of land, which monitor the GPS satellites, and the data they send, over the territory of the United States.
Two master stations, collect data from reference stations and by contrast, creates an error report that you can have the GPS signal and send it to recipients who have WAAS capability. This is done through satellites on Ecuador, or geostationary satellites. Automatically, on the devices themselves, the signal is corrected, and thus, the accuracy increases with the receiver, and the margin of error decreases.

COVERAGE:

But today, the WAAS system is available only in North America, although its signal is usually picked up in Spain, so it is recommended that navigation systems are purchased, have this technology. Formats exist in other continents like Asia, MSAS or EGNOS in Europe, that will give us the details and appropriate corrections in the location of the WAAS.

BEARING EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY GARMIN WAAS:

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CNX80
*

GNS 430W / 530W GNS
*

eTrex Venture HC / eTrex Venture Cx / eTrex Summit HC / HCx eTrex Legend / Legend eTrex / eTrex Legend Cx / HCx eTrex / eTrex Vista / eTrex Vista Cx
*

Foretrex? 101 / Foretrex 201
*

GDL 90?
*

Geko? 201 / Geko 301
*

GNS 480
*

GPS V / GPS 10 / GPS 15? F and GPS 15L / GPS 16 / GPS 17HVS / GPS 18 / GPS 18 OEM / GPS 60 / GPS 72 / GPS 76 / GPS 152
*

GPSMAP 60 / GPSMAP 60Cx / GPSMAP 60CS / GPSMAP 76 / GPSMAP 76Cx / GPSMAP 76S / GPSMAP 76CS / GPSMAP 96C / GPSMAP 96C / GPSMAP 176 / GPSMAP 176C / GPSMAP 178S / GPSMAP 178C / GPSMAP 182 / GPSMAP 188 Sounder / GPSMAP 196 / GPSMAP 232 / Sounder GPSMAP 238 / GPSMAP 295 / GPSMAP 276C / GPSMAP 296 / GPSMAP 2006 / GPSMAP 2010 / GPSMAP 3006C / GPSMAP 3010C / GPSMAP 162 / GPSMAP 168 Sounder / GPSMAP 172 / GPSMAP 172C
*

iQue ? M5 / iQue 3200 / iQue 3600 / iQue 3600a
*

Quest?
*

Rino ? 110 / Rino 120 / Rino 130
*

StreetPilot ? c310 / StreetPilot c320 / StreetPilot c330 / StreetPilot i2 / i3 StreetPilot / StreetPilot 2610 / StreetPilot 2620 / StreetPilot 2650 / StreetPilot 2660 / StreetPilot 2860 / StreetPilot 2720 / StreetPilot 7500 / StreetPilot 7200
*

N?vi series
*

Zumo 500 / Zumo 550

One of the most important is to enter the coordinates of a point (there are mountain guides who coordinate and manage and we can also see the coordinates of a specific point on any map that has UTM grid, which are almost all) who want to turn. The device at all times tell us the exact address that we must continue to arrive, let the turns we take, and the straight line distance that separates us from the point at all times, even the time we reach cost if conditions change. These points are called waypoints (points on the way). That is a route can be marked by a succession of 20, 30 or more waypoints with the corresponding coordinates. Could enter the GPS which would make what is called a route, which is nothing more than a succession of dots. With GPS we can go along such a path without any error.

We also DESIGN a point, ie find? to eye? the distance to a distant point, the GPS approach to that place and mark the hypothetical point and make that leads to it. Comes in handy when going up and we see a high point from which we want to go and then we shall not be obstructed by a mountain or forest. But still this device does more things and very important.

Perhaps the role that fully justifies the purchase is called TRACKBACK. This utility, which make almost all GPSs automatically avoids the possibility of getting lost by forgetfulness, fog, etc.. When we walk the unit automatically goes without scoring points with coordinates that we learn, something like going? Throwing crumbs of bread?. We will always have the option of returning to where they have been, accurately, with an error not exceeding 15 meters, but rain, hail, fog there, and so on. That is, keeps us lose and have a bad experience. It takes us exactly the same way there to the point of initiation.

Another feature is the possibility that at any moment we mark the point where we to get back to it whenever we want, such as home or point of departure or special items, such as a hill, a fountain, a refuge, where you left your car, etc..

At any moment we know the coordinates of the point where we are, in case of loss, accident, etc.. we give the exact location if you have mobile coverage.

When we finished our tour we are able to save in terms of what is called a TRACK, Which is but a journey, an irregular line marks our path made, consisting of many points that the GPS has been marked automatically. We put what we can name and save to your computer (it is very important that the GPS has the possibility of connection to the computer, almost everybody has it but some do not). And we can have it for future occasions or give it to a friend to do the same route or post it on a website for others to exploit. Computer to the GPS goes smoothly and we can follow the route without knowing with absolute precision at all in the field. A small arrow indicates the place where we are, the arrow corresponds to the GPS positioning is to walk alone and that the arrow does not leave the path we have marked on the GPS. As we turn we see a few yards the arrow is off the road and we must correct the address. So easy.

Measuring the UTM coordinates in GPS, to serve? THAT MEAN?

Author: BODECOR
Modified on 26/12/2008

The coordinate system Universal Transverse Mercator (In English Universal Transverse Mercator, UTM) coordinate system is based on the Transverse Mercator map projection, which is constructed as the normal Mercator projection, but instead of making it tangent to Ecuador it is made tangent to a meridian. Unlike traditional coordinate system, expressed in longitude and latitude, the magnitudes in the UTM system are expressed in meters only at sea level which is the basis for the projection of the reference ellipsoid.

Transverse Mercator Projection

The UTM projection is a cylindrical compliant. The scaling factor in the direction of parallel and meridian direction are equal (h = k). Rhumb lines are represented as straight lines on the plane (map). The meridians are projected onto the plane with a separation proportional to the model, so there is equal distance between them. But the parallels are being separated as we move from Ecuador, so that on reaching the pole deformations are endless. That is why we only represent the region between latitudes 84 ? N and 80 ? S. It is also a projection made, the field is represented in pieces, not whole. This Earth is divided into zones of 6 ? longitude each (See Spindles UTM).

Archivo:Utm-zones.jpg

The UTM projection has the advantage that no point is away from the central meridian of your area, so that the distortions are small. But this is achieved at the cost of discontinuity: a point on the edge of the area is projected at two different points, unless it is found in Ecuador. A line connecting two points between adjacent areas is not continuous unless crossing from Ecuador.

To avoid these discontinuities, sometimes stretching areas, so that the meridian tangent is the same. This allows almost continuous maps compatible with the standard. However, within the limits of these areas, the distortions are larger than in standard areas

UTM zones [edit] Earth is divided into 60 zones of 6 ? longitude, the projection zone of the UTM is defined between parallels 80 ? S and 84 ? N. Each zone is numbered with a number between 1 and 60, when the first spindle limited between longitudes 180 ? and 174 ? W and centered on the meridian 177 ? W. Each zone is assigned a central meridian, which is where lies the origin, along with Ecuador. The zones are numbered in ascending eastward. For example, the Iberian peninsula is located on the spindles 31 to 29, and the Canary Islands is located in the spindle 28. In the geographic coordinate system, the lengths are traditionally represent values ranging from -180 degrees to almost 180 degrees (range [-180 ?, 180)), the length value of 180 ? does not correspond to the UTM zone 60, but with the 1, because in that system 180 degrees equals -180 degrees.

UTM Zones [edit] Earth is divided into 20 zones of 8 ? latitude, which are named with letters from C to X excluding the letters “I” and “O” for its resemblance to the numbers one (1) and zero (0), respectively. Since it is a U.S. system (U.S.), it uses the letter “N”. Zone C coincides with the range of latitudes ranging from 80 ? S (or -80 ? latitude) to 72 ? S (or -72 ? latitude). The polar regions are not considered in this reference system. To define a point at either pole, using the coordinate system UPS. If a zone has a point equal to or greater than the N, the area is in the northern hemisphere, while it is in the south if your letter is less than the “N”.

Author: INTERNACIONAL_10

Currently not enough to just have the GPS, as a fundamental part of its overall performance are the maps which should be compatible with your computer. Please find out about the maps, economic team could buy a GPS and maps for the same price or even more expensive!.

There are already offers GPS with maps already included, it is certainly the best option, to occupy the browser as it gives you full access to their operation and not only your location but you can measure the speed of travel, the coordinates as your location, latitude, longitude, altitude at sea level, you can also take digital compass to guide you, and can choose a point where to go, where the team gives you the option of choosing the shortest route or the fastest This map is drawn in another color to differentiate and estimated time of arrival at destination, taking into account the speed at which it is traveling, in all cases, is in real time by checking your location with a reference point. Another feature is that you can take the view of the map in 2D or 3D, voice navigation (in some this option is enabled only in English) and shows you date and time.

** Additional to the operation of satellite navigator, some teams give you the option to have touch screen, and can be used as text viewer, mp3 player, video player and movies in. avi without needing to convert to other formats and a USB memory stick to store files, very complete it?.

Also you can mark points of interest like restaurants, gas stations, hotels, embassies, parts stores, mechanics, hospitals, information centers, churches, parks, and much more.

So when choosing your GPS, learn if it includes maps, if not bring them, their costs and features, besides taking into account that many cards sd card deal, in which maps are loaded.

Now you can choose your GPS equipment and maps that best suit your needs and make a better purchase.

GPS devices have a variety of features and options.

* Accuracy: most GPS devices will point your position within a radius of 15 meters (about 49.21 feet). If you need greater accuracy for differential GPS (DGPS), which calculates your location within 1 to 3 meters.
* Interface options: GPS devices come in a variety of sizes and can be monochrome or color. The large color screens cost a little more than devices with a monochrome screen. The color screens provide more detail, but use more battery power. When you look at the lists of items, evaluates the image, which the seller provides and make sure it looks like it will screen. When buying a car GPS device, look for touch-screen navigation, voice prompts for directions and a travel computer. They will help you keep your eyes on the road and the trip computer will tell you how much you need when driving from point A to point B.
* Plans: Most GPS devices include software with street maps of the United States. You can purchase additional software, for example, Mexican planes.
* Data storage: Many GPS devices come with built-in maps, but you can save even more if your device supports Secure Digital memory cards or CompactFlash. Mapping data not occupy much space and many units even come with a 128MB card.
* Combination GPS units: Standalone GPS devices work great for most people, but some personal digital assistants (PDAs) and two-way radios come with built-in functionality. If you need a PDA or a two-way radio, consider one of these hybrids.
* Weather resistance: as with all electronics, you’ll want to keep your GPS device from the water and try not to drop it. For a GPS device with a rugged design and weather resistant features if you plan to use it outdoors.

GPS devices have a variety of features and options.

* Accuracy: most GPS devices will point your position within a radius of 15 meters (about 49.21 feet). If you need greater accuracy for differential GPS (DGPS), which calculates your location within 1 to 3 meters.
* Interface options: GPS devices come in a variety of sizes and can be monochrome or color. The large color screens cost a little more than devices with a monochrome screen. The color screens provide more detail, but use more battery power. When you look at the lists of items, evaluates the image, which the seller provides and make sure it looks like it will screen. When buying a GPS device to the car, look for touch-screen navigation, voice prompts for directions and a travel computer. They will help you keep your eyes on the road and the trip computer will tell you how much you need when driving from point A to point B.
* Plans: Most GPS devices include software with street maps of the United States but you can purchase additional software with the plans you need.
* Data storage: Many GPS devices come with built-in maps, but you can store even more information if your device supports Secure Digital memory cards or CompactFlash. Mapping data not occupy much space and many units even come with a 128MB card.
* Combination GPS units: Standalone GPS devices work great for most people, but some personal digital assistants (PDAs) and two-way radios come with built-in functionality. If you need a PDA or a two-way radio, consider one of these hybrids.
* Weather resistance: as with all electronics, you will need to keep your GPS device water and try not to drop it. Look for a GPS device with a rugged design and weather resistant features if thinking to use it outdoors.

Depending on the use to which it will give the GPS, we must take into consideration the benefits offered by different models. There are mobile computers, naval and air use. For navigation in 4×4 the most commonly used are portable and intended for marine use (base), the latter have a fixed installation and, most importantly, the screen is larger, are used in any competition navigation.

Here we will cite the different features offered by global positioning devices to facilitate the election. Our recommendations in the guidelines for navigation 4×4.
Memory storage of track points:

This factor is important because as a rule, as memory is depleted will erase the first items to go the last recording, so we could not return to the starting point. There are devices that record 1,000 points and more than 2,000 (the choice of each point made by the leading established parameters, considering the change of direction, that is, for example if the path is deflected by 20 degrees or more, the device estimates should record it, so in two runs with the same distance, one with lots of corners and the second a line, the first store will spend more memory because many more points). In 4×4, when long runs, the more points of track, the better.

There are terminals that provide the ability to record up to 10 tracks in its memory, which is useful if we exhaust the points of the active track, they do compress the data.
Routes:

The most basic GPS will take memory for a route of 30 waypoints, which I think is insufficient for our activity. It is interesting to have storage for at least 2 routes of 50 waypoints.

Waypoints:

It’s also good to have memory to store waypoints, the GPS media can store up to 500 points, enough to operate comfortably.

Screen size:

Although we make do with what we have, the bigger the screen the better, as it will facilitate a glance viewing of the information we want, well, bigger, more data available in the same presentation. The? Does not go? screens, are the color
Outdoor antenna:

One issue that we had not yet tried is the? Coverage? terminals need to process and provide the information, since the data they send satellites by electromagnetic waves, we need to have an antenna. The laptops have an internal, others external, usually. The receiving sensitivity makes portable lose some coverage simply by passing through a forest (not usual), so the more sophisticated offer the ability to attach an external antenna, which will ensure not losing the signal.
Food:

It is essential that you not miss the food to your browser to guide us, so we must consider the system that we use, the base are usually connected to the car battery and battery-operated laptops, some come with the possibility connection to the cigarette lighter, which is very advisable to ensure the functioning and not rely on disposable batteries.
Cartography:

Another benefit to consider when choosing is the possibility of introducing mapping. There are people for and against this option, obviously expensive price.

Depending on the area of the world, mapping (provided by the manufacturer exclusively), has more or less detail, for example, the U.S. is very complete. That of Spain does not facilitate the situation of the tracks, but the roads, towns, cities, gas stations, restaurants, etc., which in any way we can know, for example, where is the nearest gas station, with the utility involved.
Further details:

The GPS is not only used to indicate a position or guide you to a point, also provides a bounty of useful information, the more complete, more data we get, we will cite some of them, since they offer the basic to the most sophisticated:

- Altitude: Height at which we find ourselves.

- Rumbo: Facilitates course correction to reach the destination

- Date and Time: Time is more accurate than can be achieved as an atomic clock is provided from the satellite.

- Time of sunrise and sunset

- Current speed

- Distance to reach the destination. Interesting, because if it means that decreases going well and if it increases, is that we are astray.

- Route processor: This application offers data such as maximum and minimum speed, time moving, time stopped, distance traveled, etc..

- Hours appropriate pair of hunting and fishing.

- Moon phase and position of the sun

The cheapest cost about $ 1,300 dollars and already pretty decent $ 2,000 – $ 4,800. There are also more expensive but it depends mainly on the mapping contained along, which to walk in the forest, we care less, since such mapping refers to roads and little else, so they can be used as the GPS car but more uncomfortable.

HOW GPS
Author: GPS_BLASTER
Modified on 11/05/2009

The GPS or Global Positioning System, Global Positioning System, is a sophisticated guidance and navigation system whose operation is based on the receipt and processing of information released by a constellation of 24 satellites known as NAVSTAR, orbiting at different altitudes to 20,000 km. above the surface. Each satellite provides two flights daily to the planet, one every twelve hours. The trajectories and orbital velocity is calculated to form a sort of net around the earth (all times must have five satellites in sight in any area), so a GPS receiver at any time of day or night , anywhere, regardless of weather conditions, may facilitate the position to capture and process the signals from at least three satellites. In the 80s the U.S. Navy implemented a navigation system based on emissions of a small group of satellites. This system called SATNAV was the antecedent of the current GPS. The GPS was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense at the end of the Cold War for military purposes. Having passed this stage, extended its use to civilian applications beginning to be used in maritime and aviation. In its early coverage was not complete because there is no place several satellites in orbit, plus the high price put them out of reach of most potential users. Currently the network is fully operational, including spare satellites and is commercially available GPS receivers at an affordable price. Evolution is constant and every day are small and lightweight ms while offering superior performance and greater operational autonomy of operation when fed with batteries. How GPS works? Each GPS satellite constellation continuously emit two codes of different data in digital format. These data are transmitted via radio signals. One of the codes is reserved for military use only and can not be captured by civilian GPS receivers. The other code, (civilian) transmits two sets of data and ephemeris known as ALMANAC. The data provided by the almanac and ephemeris report on the operational status of operation of the satellite, its orbital location, date and time. Obviously each satellite broadcasts its own ephemeris and almanac that include a specific identification code for each satellite. The satellites are equipped with atomic clocks to ensure almost complete accuracy, providing an estimated error in one second every 70,000 years. A GPS receiver must have in its report of the almanac and ephemeris updates (if they are not updated automatically in a short time n, when the receiver tunes to signals from at least three satellites), so you’ll know where to look for satellites in the sky. The satellites continuously transmit its orbital location and exact time. The time between sending and receiving satellite signal from the GPS receiver, it becomes distance by a simple arithmetic formula (time is measured in nanoseconds). By picking up signals from at least three satellites, the GPS receiver by triangulation determines its position on the surface of the earth by the value of the longitude and latitude (two dimensions). Such coordinates can come in degrees, minutes or seconds or measurement units used in other geodetic systems. The recruitment of four satellites WHO also facilitates the height of the receiver with respect to sea level (three dimensions). The position coordinates and other information which may facilitate the receptor, are updated every second or every dI seconds. QUALITY OF SIGNALS ISSUED The quality of the signals emitted by satellites, called SQ is a function of their position in the sky, in relation to the status of the receiver antenna, or satellite operational status. The quality of the signals affects the accuracy of the information provided by receivers. Some models have graphic scales for indicating the quality of the received signals. TYPES OF GPS RECEIVERS There are two types of GPS receivers, the fixed and portable. The fixed are larger, operate battery-powered cars, planes or ships and have separate external antennas. Usually they interconnected with other electronic instruments such as radars, sensors, plotters, autopilots, etc.. The ms talkies are much smaller and can also feed on the energy of any vehicle (with adapter) may work by batteries. The antennas are usually installed inside the receiver (most have external antennas are available as optional purchase), although there are also removable to be installed outdoors. Some portable models can also be interconnected with other electronic instruments. FREQUENCY MILITARY AND CIVILIAN. As mentioned in previous bulletins, each satellite transmits data series in two different codes. One of the codes, the code P is reserved for military use, the other code, called SPS, is destined for civilian use. Each code has a different transmission frequency. CODE Q: The exact code, known by the acronym protected PPS and also called P-code is reserved strictly for military use and as its name suggests offers the highest accuracy and precision. Is emitted in the frequency of 1227.6 MHz. SPS CODE: The code of ordinary acquisition, also called SPS C / A code is intended for civilian use. All GPS receivers “civilians” are tuned to this code. Is emitted in the frequency of 1575.42 MHz. Selective Availability The GPS system’s central station, located in the United States, degrades the accuracy of civil signals (through a small difference in the time of transmission / reception) so that gives a small error, error estimate between 25 and 100 meters . This signal degradation is known as selective availability (SA). This difference in the position coordinates all important for the use of GPS for civilian running applications, is due to security reasons, do not forget that some missile guidance systems using GPS guidance. DIFFERENTIAL GPS It is called differential GPS (DGPS) the modified system, developed by civil receiver manufacturers, is trying to achieve or approach the precision offered by the military code. To achieve this increased precision is necessary to attach the GPS receiver through a special interface connection, another type of receptor. This additional receiver (must be compatible) captures signals from a network of radio beacons located in coastal stations. A device that has the DGPS function, interconnected to a suitable recipient can “outwit” selective availability imposed by the U.S. Defense Department, to have another set of complementary data, thus providing a precise coordinates position of between five and ten meters. Each brand of GPS for parameters facilitates compatibility between DGPS receivers and receivers feature that capture the signals from the beacons. The use of the DGPS system is applicable only in marine navigation and is particularly useful in docking maneuvers with low visibility. LIMITATIONS OF GPS. The GPS is without doubt the most simple and accurate navigation system currently available, however it should not be the only vehicle navigation as well be damaged, the U.S. Department of Defense can and it has done on occasion disrupt, modify or degrade the signals when it deems appropriate. The signals emitted by satellites behave in a way as light as they can penetrate the glass and plastic, but do not pass through mountains, tunnels, buildings, metal surfaces or similar structures. The antenna receivers should be oriented so that it “visual access” to the satellites. In navigation mode, a GPS receiver indicates the distance remaining to reach destination in a straight line. Keep in mind that the land is virtually impossible, even in the desert, following a straight path for long periods because the terrain accidents force frequently change the direction. FUNCTIONS OF A GPS RECEIVER. The main function of a GPS is to report on the position occupied by through the longitude and latitude, so that position can be located easily on a map or plan. But there are other functions for easy navigation: NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE POSITION: GPS position display. Facilitates the almost exact location receptor. This has to be the GPS signals captured by at least three satellites. HEIGHT: 4 WHO to capture the GPS satellites indicates the height above the sea. (sensitive to Selective Availability) TIME: GPS once initialized, but not receive satellite signals indicating the time and date, if it receives signals indicating the exact time. TRANSIT POINT OR POINT OF REFERENCE: The waypoint’s position is one place on the earth’s surface expressed by its coordinates. A waypoint can be a starting point, destination or an intermediate crossing point on a route.

All GPS can be stored in memory several Waypoints, which can delete, edit, and identified by alpha numeric characters. Some GPS allow you to group a sequence of waypoints representing a route, this route is called. DISTANCE: entering the coordinates of two points, the distance function of the GPS information to separate the two and the direction in degrees to be followed from the beginning to the marked target. The same can be done with two waypoints. NAVIGATION: Entering a waypoint as a destination and another as a source, this function continuously updated to provide the following information: Contact-Rumbo (Bearing), heading in degrees that we must continue from the current position to reach the destination. “Current Heading (Heading track) Heading in degrees that we at that time. A GPS is an accurate compass is not affected by magnetic fields and metals from vehicles. -Distance: The GPS tells us the distance remaining in a straight line reach our destination. Cross-Error: (CDI, XTE) The GPS tells us of the transverse distance ideal path in a straight line from start to destination. -Speed (Speed) The rate at which the GPS is moving. -Estimated time of arrival (ETA, TTG) Indicates the estimated time of arrival at destination in a straight line at constant speed (for obvious reasons only applicable to aviation and shipping.) -Estimated travel time: (TEE) Estimated travel time to the speed provided by the GPS. SET UP: The set function is used to set up the GPS and control thus giving the information, eg. if you want data displayed in miles or km, in feet or meters. etc. as the coordinate system that can use the system Lat / Lon, UTM, and the different GRID. -Datum (map datum) represents a geometrical system of land. The DATUM subfunction to select among dif. systems that are based on maps and charts. North-Reference: (North Reference) lets you choose the model of north (magnetic, indicated by the compass) or true (true) that the GPS take to give the information on current course and contact. “Distance Units: (Dist. units) This sub-function allows selected length units of information (km, miles and nautical miles) Elevation-units: (Elev. units) This allows a choice between meter and feet. -Time: (Time) Select the time format, you can choose between UT (universal time) and GMT. Some models also bring local time.